ArticleJournal of multidisciplinary healthcare2026
Construction and Multidimensional Verification of Clinical Practice Standards for Physical Restraint: A Four-Year Retrospective Quality Improvement Study.
Article in Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Physical restraint (PR) is widely used in inpatient clinical nursing. Unplanned extubation (UE) events among restrained patients account for nearly half of all hospital UE cases, leading to an increased risk of medical disputes. It is imperative to establish a standardized nursing quality evaluation system and optimize PR-related nursing practices to lower the incidence of UE. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective longitudinal quality improvement study conducted based on inpatient data of a tertiary Grade A hospital in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2021. The PDCA cycle and multi-dimensional intervention strategies were adopted for practice optimization. A series of measures including setting up management teams, carrying out systematic training and applying the innovative hand-shake restraint technique were implemented. The PR utilization rate and relevant indicators were dynamically monitored, and independent influencing factors of UE were analyzed. This study was designed in compliance with the SQUIRE 2.0 standards. Results: After intervention, the PR utilization rate decreased from 4.29% to 2.77%, and the daily incidence of PR-related UE fell from 0.89% to 0.24%. Advanced age, consciousness disorder, neurological diseases and catheter indwelling duration of 1-5 days were independent risk factors for UE, whereas female gender and family accompaniment were protective factors. The interventions effectively corrected the disconnection between nurses' knowledge, attitude and practice, and improved patients' mental state and treatment compliance. Conclusion: This study established a standardized evaluation system for PR nursing quality. Innovative techniques and multi-dimensional interventions effectively optimized clinical nursing practices, reduced PR utilization and the occurrence of PR-related UE events. The results provide scientific evidence for clinical nursing management and promote the application of humanistic care philosophy in nursing practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.