Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42299171›Full record

ArticleCureus2026

Extra-facial Melasma Presenting With Isolated Forearm Involvement in a Male Patient.

Daniella M Allevato, Thomas Davis, Dathan Hamann

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Daniella M AllevatoDermatology, HonorHealth, Scottsdale, USA.
Thomas DavisDermatology, HonorHealth, Scottsdale, USA.
Dathan HamannDermatology, HonorHealth, Scottsdale, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Melasma is an acquired disorder of hypermelanosis that most commonly affects sun-exposed facial skin in women. Extra-facial involvement and occurrence in male patients are uncommon. We present a case of a 66-year-old Hispanic male with asymptomatic, symmetric hyperpigmented patches on the bilateral forearms in the setting of chronic occupational ultraviolet (UV) exposure as a truck driver. Notably, the patient had a history of severe facial burns two years prior to presentation, with complete sparing of facial skin hyperpigmentation. A punch biopsy demonstrated increased basal layer melanin pigmentation with few dermal melanophages and no significant inflammatory infiltrate, consistent with epidermal melasma. The patient was treated with topical azelaic acid and photoprotection counseling but reported minimal improvement, likely related to ongoing UV exposure and occupational constraints. This case highlights an uncommon presentation of extra-facial melasma in a male patient and suggests that prior cutaneous injury may influence melanocytic responsiveness. It also emphasizes the role of chronic UV exposure in disease distribution and persistence.

Indexed as

extra-facial melasmaforearm hyperpigmentationmale melasmaoccupational sun exposurephotodamagepigmentary disordersskin of colorultraviolet radiation

Identifiers

PMID42299171
PMCPMC13265077

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.