ArticleJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2026
Sequential vascular and neural changes underlying the progression of patellar tendinopathy.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo investigate the temporal sequence of vascular, neural, and extracellular matrix (ECM) changes during the progression of collagenase-induced patellar tendinopathy and to test the hypothesis that early angiogenesis initiates a cascade leading to neural remodeling and tendon degeneration.
methodsA collagenase-induced rat patellar tendinopathy model was established in 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were divided into one control group (PBS injection, n = 8, sacrificed at 12 weeks) and four experimental groups (collagenase type I injection, n = 8 each, sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-injection). Histological evaluation (H&E and Masson's trichrome staining), immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence (CD31, α-SMA, CGRP), and RT-qPCR for Col1a1, Col3a1, decorin (Dcn), and tenascin C (Tnc) were performed. Semi-quantitative scoring of cellularity, fibrosis, and vascularity was applied. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA.
resultsHistology revealed progressive hypercellularity, fibrosis, and calcification, with significant increases in cellularity from week 8 and in vascularity from week 4. Immunofluorescence showed CD31-positive cells increasing significantly at week 4, followed by α-SMA-positive and CGRP-positive cells at week 8. mRNA analysis demonstrated early peaks of Col3a1, Dcn, and Tnc expression at 2 weeks, while Col1a1 expression peaked at 8 weeks and declined sharply by week 12. The Col1a1/Col3a1 ratio was significantly elevated at 8 weeks before decreasing at 12 weeks.
conclusionThis study demonstrates a sequential progression in collagenase-induced patellar tendinopathy, where early angiogenesis precedes neural remodeling and ECM turnover. These findings suggest that vascular remodeling may be associated with subsequent neural and structural changes during tendinopathy progression.
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