Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42298651›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2026

Development and validation of a harmonized memory score for multicenter Alzheimer's disease and related dementia research.

Mark Sanderson-Cimino, Alden L Gross, Leslie S Gaynor, Emily W Paolillo, Rowan Saloner, Marilyn S Albert, Liana G Apostolova, Brooke Boersema, Adam L Boxer, Bradley F Boeve and 37 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Moderating effects of plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein along the Alzheimer's disease continuum.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

47 authors.

Mark Sanderson-CiminoEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. mark.sandersoncimino@ucsf.edu.
Alden L GrossDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Leslie S GaynorDepartment of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
Emily W PaolilloEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Rowan SalonerEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Marilyn S AlbertDepartment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Liana G ApostolovaDepartment of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
Brooke BoersemaDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Adam L BoxerEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Bradley F BoeveDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Kaitlin B CasalettoEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Hilary W HeuerEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Leah K ForsbergDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Savannah R HallgarthEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Valentina E DiazEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Lindsay R ClarkWisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
Ani EloyanDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
Sarah Tomaszewski FariasDepartment of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA.
Pauline MaillardDepartment of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA.
Mitzi M GonzalesDepartment of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
Dustin B HammersDepartment of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
Renaud La JoieEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Yann CobigoEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Amy WolfEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Benjamin M HampsteadDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Dawn Mechanic-HamiltonDepartment of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Bruce L MillerEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Gil D RabinoviciEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
John M RingmanDepartment of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
Lina M D'OrazioDepartment of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
Howie J RosenEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Sephira G RymanCenter for Memory and Aging, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87110, USA.
Jillian L PrestopnikCenter for Memory and Aging, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87110, USA.
David P SalmonDepartment of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92161, USA.
Glenn E Smith1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Charles DeCarliDepartment of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA.
Kumar B RajanRush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
Lee-Way JinDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95817, USA.
Jason D HinmanDepartment of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
David K JohnsonDepartment of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA.
Danielle J HarveyDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Myriam FornageBrown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Maria C CarrilloDivision of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, 60603, USA.
Bradford C DickersonDepartment of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
Joel H KramerEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Adam M StaffaroniEdward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. Adam.Staffaroni@ucsf.edu.
ALLFTD consortium, MarkVCID study, LEADS consortium, and Diverse Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (Diverse VCID) Study Investigators

Funding

Technology and Remote Assessment CoreU19AG063911 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI ADAM L. BOXER · 2019 to 2026
$120.9M
Early Onset AD Consortium - the LEAD Study (LEADS)U01AG057195 · NIA · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI APOSTOLOVA, LIANA G, CARRILLO, MARIA C · 2018 to 2023
$70.3M
The Clinical Significance of Incidental White Matter Lesions on MRI Amongst a Diverse Population with Cognitive Complaints (INDEED)U19NS120384 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Kumar B. Rajan · 2020 to 2026
$61.9M
Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Core CenterP30AG053760 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI LIEBERMAN, ANDREW P · 2016 to 2020
$10.1M
Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease ConsortiumR56AG057195 · NIA · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI APOSTOLOVA, LIANA G, CARRILLO, MARIA C · 2017 to 2017
$7.7M
Training - The Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Clinical Research ConsortiumU54NS092089 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BOXER, ADAM L. · 2014 to 2018
$6.4M
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and St NS092089NIA NIH HHS AG053760NIA NIH HHS AG057195NIA NIH HHS AG063911,NIA NIH HHS P30 AG053760NIA NIH HHS R56 AG057195NIA NIH HHS U01 AG057195NIA NIH HHS U19 AG063911NINDS NIH HHS NS120384NINDS NIH HHS U19 NS120384NINDS NIH HHS U54 NS092089
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionList-learning tasks (LLTs) are important for characterizing memory in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. However, as the Uniform Data Set Neuropsychological Battery (UDS-NB) historically did not require a specific LLT, centers have administered different LLTs. The newest UDS version (v4.0) requires one of two LLTs. To support harmonized UDS memory research, we developed a memory composite incorporating UDS memory tests and multiple LLTs.

methodsItem-banking confirmatory factor analysis was applied to develop a memory composite in a diagnostically heterogeneous sample (n = 8716) that completed the UDS-NB and one of five LLTs. Construct validity was evaluated through associations with demographics, disease severity, cognitive tasks, brain volume, amyloid/tau PET positivity, and plasma phosphorylated tau. Analyses were replicated in a racially/ethnically diverse cohort (n = 839).

resultsPsychometric properties were adequate. Expected associations with demographics and clinical measures within development and validation cohorts supported validity.

conclusionsThis composite supports memory research across cohorts that administer the UDS and LLTs. A user-friendly UI is freely available to create the score in other datasets.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseDementiaMemoryNeuropsychological TestsAgedAged, 80 and overFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMaleObservational Studies as TopicPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsAlzheimer’s Dementia and Related DisordersCo-calibrationCognitionHarmonizationMemoryNeurodegenerationNeuropsychology

Identifiers

PMID42298651
PMCPMC13595592

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.