SynthesisBMC oral health2026
Immunomodulation as a novel treatment strategy for periodontal disease: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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2 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPeriodontal diseases (PDs) are globally prevalent and are associated with reduced quality of life and systemic health complications. Conventional therapy, involving professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) and oral hygiene instruction, faces limitations involving disease recurrence and patient factors. This systematic review explores immunomodulatory therapies as alternative or adjunctive treatments.
methodMEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and MEDLINE (Web of Science) databases were searched on 9 June 2024. Two authors independently screened the articles using pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, and findings were grouped by immunomodulatory agent.
resultsThe search retrieved 2363 records, and 42 were included. Thirteen types of immunomodulatory agents were evaluated across cell lines, animal models of PD, and observational studies and clinical trials in humans. Several agents showed evidence of effects on inflammation and alveolar bone loss; however, the quality and consistency of evidence varied. Limited data suggest that longer treatment duration, alternative delivery methods, or combination approaches may enhance therapeutic outcomes.
conclusionImmunomodulatory agents show promise for the management of PD, including in patients with co-morbidities. However, clinical evidence in the context of conventional therapy and safety data remain limited. Further rigorous trials are needed to confirm efficacy, optimise treatment, and evaluate long-term safety before these therapies can be incorporated into routine clinical practice.
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