ArticleBMC pediatrics2026
Health-related quality of life in parents of adolescents in 2019, 2021 and 2023.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThe objective of the present study is to describe levels of HRQOL in parents of adolescents over a span of four years (2019, 2021, and 2023) and identify which of selected sociodemographic variables associated with HRQOL over time. In addition, we compared all HRQOL domains with norm data from the general Norwegian population.
methodsA longitudinal study involving 556 parents (at baseline) of adolescents from the general Norwegian population was conducted. Data were collected at baseline in 2019, in 2021 (when the COVID-19 pandemic was ongoing) and in 2023. HRQOL was assessed using RAND-36. Data were analysed using independent samples t-tests and linear mixed model for repeated measures.
resultsDuring the four-year (2019-2023), we observed a small but statistically significant decline in most HRQOL domains, and no domains increased again after the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher education, being in paid work and having a high household income were the most important associates of high HRQOL scores. We identified some statistical differences in HRQOL between the parents in the current study and Norwegian norms at all time points, although these were of limited clinical relevance.
conclusionOver four years, parents of adolescents experienced a small but persistent decline in HRQOL from before the COVID-19 pandemic through 2023, particularly in mental health domains, with no full return to pre-pandemic levels. Higher education, household income, and paid employment were consistently associated with better HRQOL.
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