Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42297974›Full record

ArticleNature immunology2026

A temporal map of B cell diversification mechanisms in mice.

Oliver P Skinner, Saba Asad, Marcela L Moreira, Hyun Jae Lee, Cameron G Williams, Zheng Ruan, Jorene Lim, Ashlyn S Kerr, Shihan Li, Chen Zhu and 14 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Oliver P Skinner *Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Saba Asad *Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Marcela L MoreiraPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-0727
Hyun Jae LeePeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Cameron G WilliamsPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Zheng RuanPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Jorene LimPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Ashlyn S KerrPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-9217-6497
Shihan LiPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Chen ZhuPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Wang JinKirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
Thiago M SteinerPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8385-4532
Takahiro AsatsumaPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Brooke J WanrooyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-2657-0048
Zihan LiuPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Marcus Z W TongPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Megan S F SoonIan Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Jessica A EngelQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Kalyan ShobhanaBiological Optical Microscopy Platform, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-5103-0394
Adam P UldrichPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6350-5976
David S KhouryKirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2663-1551
Zewen Kelvin TuongIan Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6735-6808
Hamish W KingWalter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-8926
Ashraful HaquePeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. ashraful.haque@unimelb.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2260-0026

Funding

Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) 2010784
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Naive B cells diversify via clonal expansion, immunoglobulin isotype switching, phenotypic variation and somatic hypermutation (SHM). Diversity in antigenic targets, functional classes and the production kinetics of antibodies affects immunity to malaria. Here we show that individual clones diversify over time during Plasmodium infection. During the first week, amid widespread bystander activation, isotype switching initiates soon after Myc upregulation and overlaps with clonal expansion, resulting in isotype variegation among clones. During the second week, expanded clones seeding germinal centers (GC) bifurcate into extrafollicular plasmablasts, exhibit isotype variegation and initiate SHM, indicating substantial intraclonal diversification. Over the following month, GC clones exhibit SHM at approximately four mutations per week. Antimalarial intervention does not impede SHM, instead exerting quantitative limits on GC size, plasma cell emergence, circulating antibody levels and protection against reinfection. Finally, contemporaneous B cell development relocates from bone marrow to spleen. Thus, multiple temporally overlapping mechanisms combine in vivo to diversify and safeguard humoral immune responses.

Indexed as

B-LymphocytesMalariaAnimalsCell DifferentiationGerminal CenterImmunity, HumoralImmunoglobulin Class SwitchingMiceMice, Inbred C57BLPlasma CellsSomatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin

Identifiers

PMID42297974

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.