Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42297841›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

An invariant VLR-like receptor refines the T-like cell framework in lamprey.

Ming Geng, Kang Li, Yating Zhu, Baohua Zou, Jun Li, Haokai Chen, Zhichao Fang, Xinying Jiao, Xue Zhai, Peng Hu and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Ming Geng *State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-7263-7568
Kang Li *State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4593-0513
Yating Zhu *State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2048-2014
Baohua Zou *College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
Jun LiCollege of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
Haokai ChenState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4396-0524
Zhichao FangState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-7079-4653
Xinying JiaoState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4588-8958
Xue ZhaiKey Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-5316-5319
Peng HuKey Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-6840-7758
Xiumei WeiState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. xmwei@bio.ecnu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2253-8181
Yue PangCollege of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China. pangyue@lnnu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9869-2863
Jialong YangState Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. jlyang@bio.ecnu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3112-5012

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 42576117Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality) 24ZR1419700
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Jawless vertebrates employ variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) to mount adaptive immunity. Although six VLRs (VLRA-F) and T/B-like lymphocytes are identified in lampreys, it remains unclear how VLR diversity is organized at the cellular level and whether individual lymphocytes may integrate multiple VLRs. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we identify a germline-encoded, mature, non-diversified VLR-like receptor (VLR-like) in lamprey Lethenteron reissneri. VLR-like retains structural features of canonical VLRs, and is a GPI-anchored receptor expressed by T-like cells. We generate a VLR-like monoclonal antibody, enabling the identification of VLR-like

Indexed as

Fish ProteinsLampreysT-LymphocytesAdaptive ImmunityAnimalsFish Proteins

Identifiers

PMID42297841
PMCPMC13408188

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.