ArticlePhysical therapy2026
Between the snap and the return: a prospective narrative analysis of four voices from inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction recovery.
Article in Physical therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
importanceAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common sports injury with substantial physical and psychological consequences. Qualitative studies have explored patient experiences, but most studies use cross-sectional designs, limiting insight into how experiences evolve throughout rehabilitation.
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore patients' experiences of ACL injury and recovery using a prospective, narrative approach, from injury to achievement of self-defined rehabilitation goals.
designThis was a longitudinal qualitative study with narrative analysis.
settingThe study was conducted at an outpatient sports rehabilitation clinic in Sweden. Participants: Four adults (ages 20 to 29 years; 2 male, 2 female) undergoing ACL reconstruction were included using consecutive sampling. INTERVENTION(S) OR EXPOSURE(S): Serial 1-to-1 semi-structured interviews were conducted around injury, pre-surgery, early post-surgery, and every 2 months until each participant achieved a rehabilitation goal defined at study entry. Interviews were analyzed using Narrative Oriented Inquiry with attention to story structure, tone, positioning, and context. MAIN OUTCOME(S) AND MEASURE(S): The main outcome were the evolving narratives of participants' recovery experiences, expressed through first-person interpretative stories.
resultsThe longitudinal narratives revealed shifting identities, emotions, and meanings attached to rehabilitation milestones. One participant described moving from helplessness to renewed athletic identity; another portrayed a pragmatic recovery marked by monotony and team reintegration; a third experienced progress until a second ACL injury reframed priorities; and the fourth navigated prolonged knee pain, missed timelines, and gradual acceptance. Across cases, rehabilitation was experienced not as a linear sequence but as an ongoing negotiation of trust, belonging, and confidence. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Prospective narrative inquiry illuminated how recovery after ACL reconstruction is lived as a personal, evolving story. For physical therapists, recognizing the temporal dynamics of identity, trust, and confidence may support more individualized rehabilitation, complementing standardized protocols. These findings highlight the importance of attending to both physical and narrative dimensions of ACL recovery in clinical practice.
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