ArticleJACC. Advances2026
Disproportionate Risk of Cancer Following Diagnosis of Peripheral Artery Disease.
Article in JACC. Advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are leading causes of death and share multiple risk factors. Population-level and mechanistic studies support a causal association between CVD and cancer. Recent preclinical studies suggest that peripheral arterial disease (PAD) may confer unique cancer risks. However, the specific contribution of PAD to cancer incidence-and whether this risk exceeds that of other CVD types-remains unclear.
objectivesThe objective of the study was to test whether PAD is an independent risk factor for cancer and whether it is associated with a greater cancer risk than other forms of CVD.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the MarketScan Research Database (2013-2023). Adults aged ≥40 years with ≥36 months of continuous coverage were classified as having PAD, non-PAD CVD, or no CVD. The primary outcome was time to incident cancer, analyzed using an inverse probability of treatment-weighted Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model adjusted for shared risk factors.
resultsOur cohort included 87,594 individuals with PAD, 917,680 with non-PAD CVD, and 4,303,899 without CVD. Multivariable-adjusted inverse probability of treatment-weighted regression controlling for shared risk factors demonstrated that patients with PAD had a greater risk of cancer than individuals with non-PAD CVD (subdistribution HR: 1.027; 95% CI: 1.001-1.053; P = 0.044) and those without CVD (subdistribution HR: 1.158; 95% CI: 1.129-1.187; P < 0.0001). Individual analysis of the 20 most common cancers demonstrated associations of PAD with specific malignancies.
conclusionsPatients with PAD experience a higher risk of multiple forms of cancer after controlling for shared risk factors.
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