ArticleMolecular carcinogenesis2026
Assessing the Malignant Potential of Gastric Mucosa Disorders: A Pilot Study on Lipid Peroxidation End Products and COX-2 Detection by Immunohistochemistry.
Article in Molecular carcinogenesis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gastric cancer develops through a multistep histopathological sequence known as the Correa cascade. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipid peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and acrolein are implicated in gastric tumorigenesis through inflammation and oxidative stress, but their expression dynamics across disease stages remain unclear. This pilot study evaluated their immunohistochemical expression along the modified Correa cascade to explore their diagnostic relevance. Fifty-seven gastric tissue samples ranging from normal mucosa to intestinal-type carcinoma were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry for COX-2, 4-HNE-protein adducts, and acrolein-protein adducts was performed, with assessment of associations with clinical features, mismatch repair (MMR) status, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. COX-2 showed consistent membranous staining in normal mucosa, chronic gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia, with a significant shift to cytoplasmic or perinuclear localization, or complete loss, in atrophic gastritis and carcinoma (p < 0.001). No statistically significant associations with the evaluated clinical parameters were identified, although the observed distribution in deficient MMR and H. pylori-negative cases warrants further investigation. A progressive increase in 4-HNE staining intensity was observed along the Correa cascade, peaking in intestinal metaplasia and carcinoma (p < 0.001). Acrolein displayed a heterogeneous pattern, with the highest levels in H. pylori-negative chronic gastritis and no consistent association with neoplastic progression. The observed COX-2 localization shift and elevated 4-HNE levels may represent potentially informative features associated with gastric malignant transformation. However, as COX-2 expression intensity was not quantitatively assessed in the present study, these findings should be interpreted as preliminary and require validation in larger cohorts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.