ArticleLasers in surgery and medicine2026
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Photobiomodulation Therapy, Therapeutic Ultrasound, and Boric Acid in the Prevention of Intra-Abdominal Adhesions in an Experimental Rat Model: A Macroscopic, Histopathological, and Gene Expression Analysis.
Article in Lasers in surgery and medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), therapeutic ultrasound (TUS), boric acid (BA), and their combinations in preventing experimentally induced intra-abdominal adhesions in rats. MATERIALS AND
methodsNinety-six male Wistar rats (14 weeks old) were randomly assigned to eight groups (Control, Laparotomy, Physiological Saline, BA, PBMT, TUS, BA + PBMT, and BA + TUS; n = 12/group). Adhesions were surgically induced. Treatments were applied once daily for 7 consecutive days as follows: BA (8 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), PBMT (904 nm, 3 J/cm
resultsPBMT alone significantly reduced adhesion scores compared with the control (p < 0.05) and showed the most pronounced antifibrotic effect, while BA and TUS, alone or in combination, had limited impact. BA treatment increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p < 0.05), indicating higher oxidative stress, whereas PBMT enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05). Gene expression analysis revealed that PBMT modulated cytokines linked to inflammation, particularly tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1).
conclusionPBMT demonstrated significant potential in reducing intra-abdominal adhesions by alleviating inflammation, controlling oxidative stress, and promoting tissue repair. BA and TUS showed limited efficacy under the present experimental conditions, and BA in particular was associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Further research with optimized dosing, extended treatment durations, and combination strategies is warranted.
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