ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2026
Anopheles Mosquitoes Exposed to Long-Acting Antimalarials via Drug-Supplemented Bloodmeal Absorb Drug but Do Not Suffer Fitness Costs.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Antimalarial cytoskeletal targeting with broad apicomplexan activity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe World Health Organization's recommendations for antimalarial chemoprevention and mass treatment use in endemic areas have greatly expanded, allowing more flexibility in demographic groups and regions targeted. An overlooked aspect of expanding human population-level drug exposure is the downstream impact of a drug on the vector. Anopheles mosquitoes refeed often with ≥ 4 bloodmeals during their lifespan. This provides repeated opportunities for mosquitoes to ingest a drug via bloodmeals taken from people with antimalarials in the bloodstream and raises questions as to the drug's impact on mosquitoes.
methodsWe supplemented bloodmeals with physiologic levels of long-acting antimalarials to assess drug exposure impact on Anopheles mosquito fitness and determine drug absorption extent.
resultsWe did not observe any significant differences in mosquito feeding, behavior, fecundity, or viability after amodiaquine, desethylamodiaquine, piperaquine, and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine ingestion in laboratory-reared Anopheles gambiae or field-derived Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes. Interrogating drug distribution within mosquitoes utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, desethylamodiaquine, amodiaquine's longer-acting active metabolite, was fed at half and twice reported Cmax concentrations; the drug was dose-dependently detected in pooled whole mosquitoes, midguts, and hemolymph. This was statistically significant for whole mosquitoes harvested at 24 and 120 hours, and midguts harvested at 24 hours. Between 24 and 120 hours, the drug decreased in midguts but increased in hemolymph.
conclusionsWe show sustained biochemical evidence of antimalarial absorption into Anopheles hemolymph following bloodmeal ingestion without fitness costs. These studies provide a foundation to next assess vector-stage antimalarial drug exposure impact on parasite development in infected mosquitoes, which could in turn have implications for transmission dynamics and drug resistance spread.
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