ArticleBiological trace element research2026
Effects of iodine content in school meals on the results of iodine nutritional surveys using spot urine samples.
Article in Biological trace element research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Adequate iodine intake is essential for maintaining thyroid function. School meal iodine content (SMIC) is one of the main sources of iodine for schoolchildren. The median urinary iodine concentration (mUIC) in spot urine samples is a reliable indicator of a population's iodine status. The aim of this study is to explore the association between SMIC and mUIC in school-children aged 6-12 year. From 2013-2023 we estimated the SMIC from school lunch menus and compared it to mUIC. Overall, 15,091 children from 115 elementary schools in 25 regions across Japan were included. The mUIC was 294.5 μg/L suggesting adequate iodine intake. The median value of SMIC over a one-month period was 53.0 μg/meal and there was a positive correlation of mUIC with the SMIC (Spermann r = 0.5040) or the SMIC prior to urine sampling (r = 0.4816). Between the two survey years the mUICs decreased by 31.8 to 77.2% in Rishiri Island, Rebun Island, Nakashibetsu and Hiroshima despite no significant change in SMIC over a one-month period except in Rebun Island. The average SMIC, SMIC consumed immediately prior to urine collection, and the time elapsed between the last school meal and urine collection were possible factors that may influence mUIC values. The high mUIC value observed in our earlier survey was partially due to the influence of school lunches. Although school lunches make a significant contribution to iodine nutrition, SMIC can be a potential pitfall for school-based surveys using spot urine samples.
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