ReviewEuropean journal of pediatrics2026
Surfactant administration in late preterm and term neonates: is LISA ready for routine use?
Review in European journal of pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Minimally invasive surfactant administration, including less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) and minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST), is increasingly preferred in very preterm infants receiving non-invasive ventilation despite unresolved physiological and methodological questions regarding its benefits. Furthermore, evidence supporting its use in late preterm (LPT) and term neonates remains limited. This narrative review summarises physiological and clinical aspects and evidence on current surfactant administration methods in LPT and term infants based on relevant original studies, reviews, and international guidelines. Compared to very preterm infants, these relatively more mature infants differ significantly in respiratory pathophysiology, surfactant requirement, and procedural tolerance and are at limited risk of prematurity-related complications such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and intraventricular haemorrhage. Potential risks of LISA/MIST in this population include procedural instability, need for sedation, surfactant reflux, airway obstruction, and uncertain surfactant distribution. Current evidence remains insufficient to support routine use of LISA/MIST in LPT and term neonates.
conclusionUntil adequately powered randomised controlled trials are available, surfactant administration should be individualised and should be selected based on clinical context, infant stability, and available expertise. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Minimally invasive surfactant administration techniques are often preferred in preterm neonates although physiological, methodological, and outcome-related uncertainties remain. WHAT IS NEW: • Evidence for the use of appropriate surfactant replacement technique in late preterm and term neonates is sparse. Adequately powered randomised controlled trials are needed to determine the efficacy, safety, and patient selection criteria in this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.