ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2026
Wrestler's Heart: Cardiac Remodeling in World Wrestling Entertainment Athletes.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundEvidence on cardiac adaptation in elite wrestlers remains limited. This study assessed electrical and structural cardiac remodeling in elite wrestlers, with particular focus on sex-specific differences.
methodsElite World Wrestling Entertainment athletes undergoing electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation during routine cardiovascular screening were included. Left ventricular (LV) geometry was classified according to relative wall thickness and LV mass on the basis of international recommendations. This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively acquired data.
resultsThe cohort included 68 athletes (mean age, 28±6 years; 47 [69%] men), with similar weekly training volume between sexes (11.6±5 h/wk). No athlete reported performance-enhancing drug use, although 1 admitted high-energy drink consumption. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were observed in 2 athletes (3%). Women showed smaller absolute LV end-diastolic diameter (46±4 versus 52±5 mm,
conclusionsElite wrestlers demonstrate predominantly normal cardiac electrical and structural profiles, with low prevalence of pathological findings. Sex-related differences were observed in cardiac dimensions, particularly after indexation to body surface area.
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