Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2026
Sex Differences in Clinical Outcomes and Loss of Life Expectancy After Aortic Valve Surgery for Infective Endocarditis: A SWEDEHEART Study.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundFemale patients with infective endocarditis (IE) are referred to surgery less often than male patients, and research on sex differences after IE surgery is inconclusive. Understanding the impact of sex can help clinicians optimize patient care. Therefore, we investigated sex-based differences in loss of life expectancy and net survival after aortic valve surgery for IE.
methodsWe conducted a population-based, observational cohort study, including all patients undergoing aortic valve surgery for IE in Sweden from 1997 to 2022. Data came from national registers, including SWEDEHEART (Swedish Web-System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart-Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies). Loss of life expectancy and net survival were calculated based on population data from the Human Mortality Database. Flexible parametric models were used to assess net survival.
resultsA total of 2585 patients underwent aortic valve surgery for IE; 19% were female. Women were older than men (median age 66 versus 63) and had more concomitant valve surgery and comorbidities, as well as lower socioeconomic status. During a mean follow-up of 7 years, 245 female patients (49%) versus 857 male patients (41%) died. Loss of life expectancy was accentuated in younger patients, ranging from 15.5 years (95% CI, 9.0-21.9) in a 50-year-old female to 2.1 years (95% CI, 0.95-3.2) in an 80-year-old male. After regression standardization, women had higher net survival compared with men.
conclusionsAfter aortic valve surgery for IE, net survival was higher among female patients after accounting for baseline differences, and loss of life expectancy was considerable for both female and male patients, particularly in younger patients. Focus on early diagnosis, as well as optimized pre- and postoperative care, is essential in patients with IE.
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