Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42294467›Full record

ReviewJournal of orthopaedic translation2026

From microtissues to macro solutions - The future of scalable and automated cartilage tissue engineering.

Daphne M A Menssen, Antonia G Vasilopoulou, Florencia Abinzano, Jasmijn V Korpershoek, Aylin Kara Özenler, Ioannis Papantoniou, Daniel J Kelly, Sebastien J P Callens, Jos Malda, Keita Ito

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of orthopaedic translation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Daphne M A MenssenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Antonia G VasilopoulouRegenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Florencia AbinzanoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Jasmijn V KorpershoekRegenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Aylin Kara ÖzenlerRegenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Ioannis PapantoniouPrometheus the Leuven R&D Translational Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Daniel J KellyTrinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Sebastien J P CallensDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Jos MaldaRegenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Keita ItoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The burden of articular cartilage damage on society continues to rise. Suitable treatment is necessary to reduce pain, improve quality of life, and avoid progression into osteoarthritis. Current regenerative cartilage repair strategies remain limited in clinical practice due to high costs, complex logistics, patient burden, and poor reimbursement. To ensure that treatment innovations effectively reach the patient, the focus during development should be on automated and scalable solutions. A promising concept is using cartilage microtissues as building blocks in a modular approach to create larger cartilage constructs. By enabling controlled microtissue assembly and reproducible, scalable manufacturing, this could lead to the efficient production of tissue-engineered cartilage implants. Several automated, scalable steps have been described in literature, ranging from cell isolation and expansion to microtissue formation and harvesting, and finally to macrotissue assembly and maturation. However, integrating all these steps into a single, cost-effective, and automated process remains a conceptual idea. This review focuses on potential routes and key choices that should be considered in the early design process of future ready-to-implant tissue-engineered cartilage implants. Furthermore, the added value of investigating and implementing automatic quality measures and cleaning protocols, as well as the recommended regulatory checks and cost-effectiveness implications, are discussed. The translational potential of this article: Leveraging microtissues for cartilage tissue engineering in a scalable, automated, and GMP-compliant manner could address the growing burden of articular cartilage damage. This review shows the translational potential of this approach by focusing on the early implementation of these concepts in the design process of cartilage tissue-engineered solutions, ensuring compatibility and viability within current healthcare systems.

Indexed as

AutomationCartilage tissue engineeringCost-effectivenessGMP-ComplianceMicrotissuesScalability

Identifiers

PMID42294467
PMCPMC13259628

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.