ArticleJournal of pain research2026
The Current Scope of Pain Medicine Fellowships: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study of Trainees, Directors, and Employers on Shaping Future Leaders.
Article in Journal of pain research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Since the establishment of Pain Medicine (PM) as an ACGME-recognized subspecialty in 1992, the field has undergone significant transformation. These changes brought increasing diversity in applicants` primary specialties, and the introduction of a myriad of emerging treatment paradigms. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expectations, experiences, and perspectives of three target groups-PM trainees, program directors (PDs), and employers-to guide the evolution of PM education. Methods: This study employed an integrated survey approach to comprehensively evaluate PM fellowship training. Surveys were distributed through professional societies, verified forums, and direct outreach over separate 3-month periods in 2023 for PD and trainee surveys and in 2024 for the employer survey. A total of 518 respondents across PDs, employers, and trainees completed surveys; overall response rate was indeterminable due to unknown denominators, while the PD survey response rate was 69.0%. Results: The survey findings highlighted both shared and unique perspectives among the stakeholder groups. Trainees emphasized procedural volume and diversity as critical motivators for fellowship selection. Despite this focus, 70% of trainees expressed reluctance toward extending their fellowship duration, with 50% of trainees favored private practice. PDs acknowledged variability in training quality and emphasized the importance of supplemental workshops to address procedural gaps. Vast majority of PDs supported extending the fellowship duration to mitigate reliance on industry-led supplemental education. Employers underscored significant deficiencies in graduates' preparedness for independent practice, with only 7% considering fellows adequately trained under the current model. Across all groups, there was a consensus on the need for curriculum standardization and enhanced training to align with the growing complexity of PM. Conclusion: This study suggests that the one-year fellowship can be re-evaluated for adequacy in preparing physicians for independent practice, particularly in advanced procedures. Alternative training pathways offer additional exposure but vary in structure and oversight.
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Registered trials
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