Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42294037›Full record

ArticleACS polymers Au2026

Toward Greener Rubber: Impact of Resin Type and Amount on Curing, Network Structure, and Viscoelastic Properties in SBR compounds.

Michele Pierigé, Francesca Nardelli, Mattia Cettolin, Andrea Causa, Luca Giannini, Francesca Martini, Lucia Calucci, Marco Geppi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS polymers Au, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Michele PierigéDipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-5594
Francesca NardelliDipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Mattia CettolinPirelli Tyre SpA, Viale Sarca 222, 20126 Milano, Italy.
Andrea CausaPirelli Tyre SpA, Viale Sarca 222, 20126 Milano, Italy.
Luca GianniniPirelli Tyre SpA, Viale Sarca 222, 20126 Milano, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5842-6384
Francesca MartiniDipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5800-8596
Lucia CalucciIstituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3080-8807
Marco GeppiDipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-8400

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the pursuit of more sustainable tire technologies, the replacement of petroleum-derived additives with bio-based alternatives has become a key research focus. Tackifying resins, which contribute significantly to tread performance and viscoelastic behavior, are among the additives under evaluation for substitution. In this study, several complementary techniques were applied to styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds, containing either a natural rosin-based resin (Dertoline) or a petroleum-derived resin (Kristalex) at concentrations ranging from 15 to 45 phr, to investigate the effect of resin on the curing process and on compound properties before and after curing. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry revealed intimate mixing between polymer and resin at all concentrations and a slowdown in dynamics with increasing resin content that was more pronounced for Kristalex. Dertoline appeared to hinder effective interactions between carbon black, used as a filler, and SBR, leading to a strong suppression of bound rubber, as evidenced by swelling experiments. Vulcanization kinetics, monitored by moving die rheometer experiments, was affected by the two resins in different manners: Kristalex slowed down curing, while Dertoline accelerated it. Moreover, a marching phenomenon was observed at long curing time for high Dertoline concentrations. Cross-link density, determined by equilibrium swelling, decreased with increasing resin loading. Final mechanical and viscoelastic properties of vulcanized compounds, evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile tests, were influenced by both resin type and concentration, showing mechanical plasticization effects and changes in both the elastic and anelastic response. Importantly, the two resins appeared to influence wet grip and rolling resistance differently, highlighting their distinct impact on key performance parameters. These results support the tailored use of bio-based tackifiers in sustainable SBR formulations.

Indexed as

bio-based additivescross-linkingglass transitionmarching effectpolymer−resin miscibilitysolid-state NMRtackifying resins

Identifiers

PMID42294037
PMCPMC13261731

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.