ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
Exploring olive mill wastewater as a reservoir of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds: insights from a cross-regional Moroccan study.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Olive oil producing countries, including Morocco, generate large volumes of olive mill wastewater (OMW), which is characterized by high organic and phenolic loads, leading to serious environmental concerns. The present study aimed to evaluate this by-product by investigating its antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. Twelve OMW samples collected from five Moroccan regions were subjected to this study. Polyphenol extraction yielded total phenolic contents ranging from 183.49 ± 2.18 to 736.56 ± 2.94 mg GAE/g extract and total flavonoid contents between 43.22 ± 0.42 and 341.92 ± 1.99 mg QE/g extract. HPLC-DAD analysis identified 17 phenolic compounds, with hydroxytyrosol being the predominant compound, reaching concentrations of up to 135.16 ± 0.01 mg/g in OMWExt 2. All extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity, with total antioxidant capacities between 112.79 ± 0.37 and 515.00 ± 1.84 mg EAA/g extract. The FRAP values ranged from 69.78 ± 1.27 mg ET/g extract to 284.73 ± 0.85 mg ET/g, and the optimal IC₅₀ values were 11.99 ± 1.19 μg/mL (DPPH) and 11.91 ± 0.55 μg/mL (ABTS) for OMWExt 2. Antibacterial activity was observed against both Gram-negative (
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