ArticleOphthalmology science2026
Gene-Environment Interaction Loci Associated with Refractive Error: SCAMPI Analysis.
Article in Ophthalmology science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the performance of a novel method for identifying candidate gene-environment interaction loci, Scalable Cauchy Aggregate test using Multiple Phenotypes to test Interactions (SCAMPI) (doi:10.1101/2024.09.10.612314v1), to widely used existing methods, Levene's test and conditional quantile regression (CQR). The 3 methods were evaluated for refractive error, a trait known to exhibit widespread gene-environment interaction effects. Design: A cohort study; a genome-wide association study to investigate variance heterogeneity of refractive error. Participants: A discovery sample of 77 880 UK Biobank participants with records of both refractive error and age of onset of spectacle wear (AOSW) and a validation sample of 257 265 UK Biobank participants with known AOSW. Methods: SCAMPI, Levene's tests, and CQR were applied in the discovery sample. Variance quantitative trait loci (vQTLs) identified using SCAMPI were assessed in the independent validation sample. The SCAMPI vQTLs were further assessed for evidence of genotype-by-education interaction or gene-gene interaction, using linear regression. Main Outcome Measures: Genetic variance heterogeneity associated with refractive error (phenotypic variance differences across genotypes). Results: SCAMPI identified 15 independent vQTLs with Conclusions: The SCAMPI outperformed Levene's test and CQR in identifying candidate gene-environment interaction loci associated with refractive error. Our results suggest that a variant in the Financial Disclosures: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.