ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Human milk oligosaccharide composition, concentrations and association with maternal factors in the multi-ethnic Asian GUSTO cohort.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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20 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition, longitudinal change and the influence of maternal factors in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort. Methods: In the prospective GUSTO mother-offspring cohort, maternal sociodemographic, genetic, and obstetric characteristics were related to the concentrations of the 19 most-abundant HMOs (quantified by HPLC, Results: Mothers providing samples were Chinese (73.8%), Malay (14.5%) and Indian (11.7%). Across ethnicities, individual HMO concentrations and proportions of secretors, were comparable. Approximately 70% were secretors, determined by distinctly higher 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL, 3-weeks: 16.0% of total HMO; 3-months: 10.4%) and lacto-N-fucopentaose-I (LNFP-I), compared with non-secretors (2'-FL, 3-weeks, 0.3%; 3-months: 0.2%). 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) comprised 9.5% and 21.7% of total HMO concentration in secretors and non-secretors, respectively, at 3-weeks, and 30.4% and 42.9%, respectively, at 3-months. Compared with term, preterm cases had higher 3'-sialyllactose (3'SL) at 3-weeks [adjusted mean difference 1.23 SDs (95%CI 0.44-2.01); Conclusion: Chinese, Malay and Indian women exhibited similar HMO compositions, with the
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