ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Biological activity and quantitative determination of free amino acids from muskmelon (
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Muskmelon ( Methods: Phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were employed to identify major secondary metabolites. Free amino acids were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts from different plant parts was evaluated against Results: Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of sterols, triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and carotenoids, with peel/rind and leaves showing the richest profiles. GC-MS analysis revealed glutamine (28.0%), alanine (11.2%), and aspartic acid (9.3%) as the predominant free amino acids. Methanolic extracts exhibited significant, concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity, with stronger inhibition observed against Gram-positive bacteria and Discussion: The findings highlight muskmelon by-products as promising sources of bioactive compounds with notable antimicrobial potential. While amino acids demonstrated favorable in silico interactions, the antimicrobial activity is primarily attributed to phytochemical constituents. These results support the potential application of muskmelon waste in functional food development and natural antimicrobial formulations. Further studies, including MIC/MBC determination and phytochemical-targeted docking, are recommended to validate and expand these findings.
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