ArticleLaryngoscope investigative otolaryngology2026
Prognostic Impact and Clinicopathological Significance of TIM-3 and LAG-3 Expressions in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Article in Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Research on immune checkpoint molecules is increasing, reflecting their critical role in cancer pathogenesis. While PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 have been widely studied in head and neck cancers, outcomes remain unsatisfactory, highlighting the need for novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. This study evaluated the prognostic significance of TIM-3 and LAG-3 expressions in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Fifty patients who underwent open partial or total laryngectomy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (2016-2018) were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor specimens were assessed by immunohistochemistry for TIM-3 and LAG-3 expressions, as well as overall immune infiltration. Survival analyzes were performed using Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox regression models. Results: TIM-3 expression showed no significant prognostic impact in the overall cohort but was associated with worse overall survival in the low-to-moderate immune infiltration subgroup ( Conclusion: TIM-3 and LAG-3 expressions are associated with adverse outcomes in laryngeal cancer, particularly in tumors with limited immune infiltration. These findings are exploratory and support further multicenter studies to validate their prognostic and potential immunotherapeutic relevance. Level of Evidence: 3.
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