ReviewDialogues in health2026
A visual framework for classifying adaptive design clinical trials using the GATE frame and PICO terminology.
Review in Dialogues in health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An adaptive design of a clinical trial is a trial design that offers pre-planned opportunities to use accumulating trial data to modify aspects of an ongoing trial while preserving the validity and integrity of that trial. The Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2025 statements show the minimum information that should be included in the reporting of trials to ensure that trial protocols and trials reports are clear and transparent. Pre-planned interim analysis of adaptive clinical trials can modify the study population, the randomization, the intervention arms, the primary outcome or the clinical trial phase. Such key aspects can be reported using the Adaptive designs CONSORT Extension (ACE) statement, and additionally, conceptualised and represented using the Graphic Appraisal Tool for Epidemiological (GATE) and the PICO terminology (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome). The main purpose of this article is to show how the GATE frame can complement the ACE guidelines by serving as a teaching tool to explain adaptive design clinical trials to a clinical or nonspecialist audience using examples of clinical trials for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.