Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42292573›Full record

ArticleSpine surgery and related research2026

Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Reference Rod for "Smiley Face Rod" Repair of Lumbar Spondylolysis in a Patient with High Body Mass Index.

Takayuki Kitahara, Masatoshi Morimoto, Naoto Ono, Takafumi Ohshima, Yuji Nagao, Saori Soeda, Daiki Nakajima, Makoto Takeuchi, Hiroshi Kageyama, Junzo Fujitani and 3 more

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Article in Spine surgery and related research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Takayuki KitaharaDepartment of Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Masatoshi MorimotoDepartment of Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Naoto OnoDepartment of Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Takafumi OhshimaDepartment of Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Yuji NagaoDepartment of Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Saori SoedaDepartment of Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Daiki NakajimaDepartment of Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Makoto TakeuchiDepartment of Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Hiroshi KageyamaDepartment of Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Junzo FujitaniDepartment of Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Hiroaki ManabeDepartment of Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Fumitake TezukaDepartment of Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Koichi SairyoDepartment of Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The "Smiley Face Rod" (SFR) method is an effective direct repair technique for lumbar spondylolysis. However, three-dimensional rod contouring is technically demanding, particularly in patients with a high body mass index (BMI), where deep soft tissue obscures anatomical landmarks. Technical Note: We report a technique using a patient-specific three-dimensional (3D)-printed model to create a sterilized "Reference Rod" template. A 27-year-old male with bilateral L5 spondylolysis and severe obesity (BMI 39.8 kg/m Conclusions: The 3D-printed Reference Rod technique is a feasible approach that may facilitate rod contouring for SFR in challenging high-BMI cases by providing a tangible template to address the visualization and geometric limitations of conventional fluoroscopy.

Indexed as

3D printingdirect repairlumbar spondylolysisobesitysmiley face rod

Identifiers

PMID42292573
PMCPMC13255105

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.