Recent HIV-1 infection and associated factors among newly diagnosed female sex workers in Ethiopia-2019 to 2022.

Background: Detecting sub-population groups that are most at risk for HIV is critical for designing effective intervention. In this study, we aimed to examine the magnitude and associated factors for recent HIV infection among newly diagnosed HIV-positive female sex workers (FSWs) in Ethiopia. Methods: We analyzed data collected from health facilities involved in the surveillance program from July 2019 to June 2022. HIV case surveillance is an ongoing data collection system from people newly diagnosed with HIV. HIV testing was conducted using the national algorithm, and recency testing done using Asante HIV-1 Rapid Recency Assay. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to determine associations between demographic and behavioral factors and recent HIV infection. Results: A total of 4852 newly diagnosed HIV positive FSWs, with a median age of 29 years [IQR: 11], were included in the analysis. The proportion of recent HIV infection was 16.4%. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that FSWs aged <30 years, those never married or widowed, those tested in community-based settings, and those with a history of previous HIV testing had higher odds of recent infection. On the other hand, individuals who reported having sexual contact with a known HIV positive person (or an index case) had lower odds of having recent HIV infection. Conclusion: The analysis revealed a high proportion of recent HIV infection among FSWs. These findings provide critical evidence to the HIV program, enabling tailored and effective interventions targeting FSWs at highest risk of HIV infection.