Multimodal data integration and machine learning methods for early detection and risk prediction of pulmonary diseases in athletes.

Introduction: Pulmonary diseases pose significant health risks to athletes, necessitating accurate early detection and risk prediction methods. In this study, we propose a novel Multimodal Pulmonary Risk Prediction Network (MPRPN), which integrates visual data, textual data, and auxiliary physiological data through a unified deep learning framework. Methods: The model incorporates an Adaptive Modality Weighting Strategy (AMWS) to dynamically adjust modality contributions and a Hierarchical Risk Prediction Strategy (HRPS) to capture domain-specific feature structures. Experiments were conducted on multiple multimodal datasets, including the Athlete Respiratory Health Records dataset, Multimodal Pulmonary Imaging Collection, Pulmonary Risk Profiles dataset, and Early Detection Biomarker dataset, comprising diverse clinical, imaging, and physiological samples. Results and discussion: The proposed method achieves superior performance compared to state-of-the-art models, with accuracy improvements up to 89.92%, F1-score reaching 90.23%, and AUC up to 90.47%, demonstrating strong predictive capability and robustness. These results indicate that MPRPN effectively leverages complementary multimodal information and provides a reliable tool for early detection and personalized risk assessment of pulmonary diseases in athletes. The proposed framework has significant potential for real-world applications in sports medicine and preventive healthcare.