Myelodysplastic syndromes complicated by atypical Sweet syndrome: a brief research report.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the clinicopathological features and therapeutic outcomes of atypical Sweet syndrome (SS) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on three patients diagnosed with MDS complicated by atypical SS at Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital between 2019 and 2020. Results: The cohort consisted of a 58-year-old man, a 35-year-old woman, and a 46-year-old man. All patients initially presented with fatigue, and none had received active disease-modifying therapy for MDS prior to the onset of cutaneous manifestations. In all cases, skin lesions originated on the limbs, presenting as painful erythematous plaques accompanied by fever, with histopathological findings consistent with atypical SS. Resolution of SS was achieved through a dual approach combining systemic glucocorticoids and therapy targeting the underlying MDS. Conclusion: Atypical SS is a significant paraneoplastic dermatosis frequently associated with MDS, exhibiting distinctive clinicopathological features. Its heterogeneous presentations necessitate careful evaluation, and effective management requires a dual strategy that addresses both the underlying hematologic disease and the cutaneous inflammation.