ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Distinct bacterial profiles according to structural lung disease in patients undergoing bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Hemoptysis frequently prompts emergency bronchial artery embolization (BAE), and bacterial infection is a common and modifiable trigger. As structural lung disease shapes airway microbiology, pathogen profiles may differ according to the structural lung disease phenotype and could inform empiric antibiotic selection in patients undergoing BAE. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent BAE for hemoptysis at a tertiary referral center between January 2021 and December 2025. Structural lung disease was stratified into three categories based on computed tomography findings: (1) absence of structural lung disease, (2) bronchiectasis, or (3) emphysema/interstitial lung disease (ILD). Respiratory specimens (sputum or bronchial washing fluid) were evaluated using standard cultures and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), when ordered clinically. Results: A total of 188 patients were included [absence of structural lung disease ( Conclusion: Patients who underwent BAE showed distinct bacterial profiles according to their underlying structural lung disease. These differences may suggest that tailoring empiric antibiotics according to the structural lung disease phenotype could be considered when an infection is suspected in patients with hemoptysis.
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