Trial reportDrug design, development and therapy2026
Determination of the ED90 for Epidural Hydromorphone and Morphine for Postoperative Pain Using a Biased-Coin Up-and-Down Sequential Design After Elective Cesarean Delivery.
Trial report in Drug design, development and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Tegileridine versus Sufentanil for Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Hydromorphone and morphine are the primary opioids recommended for epidural analgesia following cesarean delivery. This study aimed to determine the 90% effective dose (ED90) of epidural hydromorphone and morphine in this patient population. Methods: In this dose-finding trial, 80 patients undergoing cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) were randomized to receive a single epidural injection of either hydromorphone or morphine after uterine closure. The dose of each agent was determined using a biased-coin up-and-down sequential allocation method to estimate the ED90. In addition, all patients received standardized multimodal analgesia postoperatively. Satisfactory analgesia was defined as a visual analogue scale (VAS) score ≤3 within 12 hours after cesarean delivery, without the need for supplemental opioids. Results: The estimated ED90 was 500 µg (95% confidence interval [CI], 495.00-532.50 µg) for epidural hydromorphone and 3 mg (95% CI, 2.97-3.21 mg) for epidural morphine. Comparative analyses of postoperative VAS scores, adverse effects (nausea/vomiting and pruritus), and rescue hydromorphone consumption revealed no statistically significant differences between the two dosage groups. Conclusion: The ED90 for post-cesarean analgesia was estimated to be 500 µg for epidural hydromorphone and 3 mg for epidural morphine. There were no statistically significant differences in adverse effects between the two drugs at their respective ED90 doses. Clinical Trial Registration: ChiCTR2400084510.
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