ArticleJCPP advances2026
Grandmother's pregnancy complications and autism spectrum disorders in grandchildren, a California multigenerational cohort study.
Article in JCPP advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Pregnancy complications have been associated with offspring autism spectrum disorders (ASD). There has also been increasing evidence for multigenerational risk factors of ASD. Methods: In a multigenerational California birth cohort of 1,740,379 mother-child pairs, we investigated pregnancy complications when the grandmother was pregnant with the mother's generation and their associations with ASD in grandchildren. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs using logistic regression. Results: The odds of ASD in grandchildren were higher among grandmothers who experienced pregnancy hypertensive disorders (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12-1.36) or infections (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.28) compared to grandmothers who did not have the respective condition in pregnancy. The odds of ASD in grandchildren were also higher among mothers born prematurely (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.11) compared to mothers born at term and elevated among mothers born with low birth weight (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.11) compared to mothers with normal birth weight. Conclusions: ASD risk in grandchildren is higher among grandmothers who experienced hypertensive disorders or infections when pregnant with their daughters. Future studies are needed to explore the biologic underpinnings of possible multigenerational mechanisms.
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