Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42291514›Full record

ArticleVaccine: X2025

Estimating historical impacts of vaccination against influenza B/Yamagata in the United States to inform possible risks of re-emergence in the absence of vaccination.

Sinead E Morris, Sarabeth M Mathis, Jessie R Chung, Brendan Flannery, Alissa O'Halloran, Catherine H Bozio, Peng-Jun Lu, Tammy A Santibanez, Peter Daly, Angiezel Merced-Morales and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine: X, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Sinead E MorrisInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.
Sarabeth M MathisInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.
Jessie R ChungInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.
Brendan FlanneryInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.
Alissa O'HalloranInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.
Catherine H BozioInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.
Peng-Jun LuImmunization Services Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.
Tammy A SantibanezImmunization Services Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.
Peter DalyInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.
Angiezel Merced-MoralesInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.
Krista KnissInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.
Alicia BuddInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.
Lisa A GrohskopfInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.
Carrie ReedInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.
Matthew BiggerstaffInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.
A Danielle IulianoInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30329.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Influenza B/Yamagata viruses have not been detected globally since 2020 and were removed from U.S. 2024/25 seasonal influenza vaccines. We inferred impacts of vaccination against B/Yamagata from 2016/17-2019/20 by combining B/Yamagata prevalence data with model-based estimates of disease burden prevented by vaccination against all influenza B viruses. B/Yamagata comprised approximately 16-22% of positive virus specimens in 2016/17 and 2017/18, compared to 1% in 2018/19 and 2019/20. Across all seasons, we estimated that vaccination against B/Yamagata prevented 4.15 million illnesses, 58,500 hospitalizations, and 4,070 deaths, and that 22.9 million B/Yamagata-associated illnesses, 340,000 hospitalizations, and 25,100 deaths would have occurred without vaccination. Vaccination prevented the most B/Yamagata hospitalizations among adults ≥65 years but prevented the greatest percentage of B/Yamagata hospitalizations among children 6 months-4 years. Our results may help assess the potential impact if B/Yamagata were to recirculate in the absence of vaccination.

Indexed as

B/Yamagatadisease burdenseasonal influenzavaccinationvaccine-preventable burden

Identifiers

PMID42291514
PMCPMC13263066

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.