ArticleiScience2026
Climate dependent feasibility of closing water and nutrient cycles in industrial aqua-agriculture.
Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In integrated aqua-agriculture, matching waste-derived nutrient supply with crop demand while maintaining optimal fish and crop conditions remains challenging. We formulate a closed-loop aquaculture-hydroponics network with anaerobic digestion as a constrained optimal-control problem and combine static sizing with climate-driven dynamic flow optimization for contrasting climates. Under weak seasonality (Jakarta), internal wastes (aquaculture water, fish sludge, and plant residues) support discharge-free operation with water, nitrogen, and phosphorus use-efficiencies of 100%, 79%, and 72%. As seasonality increases (Cairo, Amsterdam), feasibility and robustness decline due to shifting demand and limited phosphorus recoverability. Using manure as co-digestion substrate restores closed-cycle operation without synthetic fertilizers. The optimizer prefers pig manure in Cairo and chicken manure in Amsterdam, reflecting climate-specific N:P deficits. Relative to climate-matched decoupled aquaponics, optimized integrated networks cut water, nitrogen, and phosphorus waste by 86%, 46%, and 35%. Overall, the framework enables climate-robust design of circular aqua-agriculture networks, reducing resource use and pollution.
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