ArticleInterventional pain medicine2026
International Pain and Spine Intervention Society Emergency Protocols: Intradural or Intrathecal Local Anesthetic Injection.
Article in Interventional pain medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
This protocol reviews unintentional intradural or intrathecal injection during epidural procedures and the potentially serious neurologic and cardiopulmonary consequences that may result. It explains the importance of recognizing abnormal contrast flow patterns and using multiplanar fluoroscopic imaging to avoid inadvertent needle placement and/or anesthetic administration. Emergency management includes stopping the procedure, initiating airway and cardiovascular support as needed, neurologic monitoring, and prolonged observation until the anesthetic effects resolve.
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