ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
IGF-1 supplementation improves
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Although follicular development and oocyte competence depend on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), its optimal dose and molecular mechanisms during goat Methods: Cumulus-oocyte complexes from Results: IGF-1 at 100 ng/mL significantly increased maturation rate compared with control, whereas 150 ng/mL provided no additional benefit, indicating a biphasic response. At 100 ng/mL, PDE3A expression and kisspeptin protein levels increased, while Gja4 and caspase-3 expression decreased; IL-6 and caspase-9 remained unchanged. Correlation and structural path analyses identified PDE3A-mediated meiotic restart and suppression of caspase-3-dependent apoptosis as primary drivers of improved maturation. Discussion: Optimized IGF-1 supplementation enhances goat oocyte quality through coordinated regulation of meiotic activation, gap junction remodeling, and apoptosis inhibition. These findings may improve the efficiency of goat in vitro embryo production and support Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) by strengthening reproductive efficiency and livestock productivity.
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