Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42289806›Full record

Observational studyCancer medicine2026

Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Biliary Tract Cancer.

Jan Christoph Schumacher, Sonja Lang, Philipp Kasper, Anna Martin, Dirk Waldschmidt, Martin Bürger, Ulrich Töx, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, Gabriel Allo

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Cancer medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jan Christoph SchumacherFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8817-2947
Sonja LangFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Philipp KasperFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Anna MartinFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Dirk WaldschmidtFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Martin BürgerFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8940-7696
Ulrich TöxFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Christoph Neumann-HaefelinFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Gabriel AlloFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-7431

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimUpper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is associated with an unfavorable outcome in cancer patients. In patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC), data on the incidence, management, and prognostic implications of UGIB are limited. This study investigated the prevalence, treatment efficacy, and prognostic factors associated with UGIB in BTC.

methodsThis retrospective observational study included all patients with BTC and UGIB, treated at a tertiary care center between 2010 and 2023. Clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and survival data were obtained from hospital records. Outcomes included short-term rebleeding within 14 days and overall survival.

resultsAmong 1033 BTC patients, 37 (3.6%) experienced UGIB. The predominant etiologies were tumor-associated bleeding due to tumor infiltration (27.0%), variceal bleeding (21.6%), and ulcer bleeding (16.2%). Endoscopic therapy was performed in 43.2% of cases, achieving hemostasis in 78.6% of actively bleeding patients. Short-term rebleeding occurred in 28.6%. The 30-day mortality following UGIB was 35.7%. Tumor-associated UGIB correlated with significantly increased mortality (HR = 2.83, 95% CI 1.1-7.27, p = 0.030) and markedly reduced overall survival (28 vs. 90 days, p = 0.022).

conclusionsUGIB is a rare but severe complication in BTC. Tumor-associated UGIB was associated with poor prognosis and markedly shortened survival, underscoring the necessity for careful clinical assessment and close follow-up in this high-risk cohort.

Indexed as

Biliary Tract NeoplasmsGastrointestinal HemorrhageAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRetrospective StudiesRisk Factorsbiliary tract cancergastrointestinal hemorrhagetumor‐associated bleedingupper gastrointestinal bleeding

Identifiers

PMID42289806
PMCPMC13265610

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.