ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026
Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Obesity and Short-Term Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Transitions: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Obesity and Short-Term Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Transitions: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsObesity in children is heterogeneous, but BMI-based risk stratification does not capture important differences in body composition or cardiometabolic risk factors. We aimed to develop a body composition-based obesity phenotyping framework and examine its associations with cardiometabolic risk factor transitions. MATERIALS AND
methodsUtilising nine body composition metrics (whole-body and regional fat/muscle mass index, visceral fat area) from 2262 children with obesity in a training cohort, we applied the Discriminative Dimensionality Reduction Tree algorithm to construct a continuous two-dimensional phenotypic manifold. Modified Poisson regression and spatial autocorrelation analyses were used to evaluate associations between the mapped spatial dimensions and 2-year cardiometabolic risk factors transitions (progression and recovery). The topological framework was externally validated in an independent cohort of 330 children with obesity.
resultsObesity phenotypes were mapped onto two principal axes to define three clinical profiles (mixed fat-muscle elevation, adiposity-dominant, and muscle-dominant), with their underlying structure consistently reproduced across external replication cohort. Dimension 1 was positively associated with progression to hypertension (RR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.09-1.28), high LDL-C (1.29, 1.13-1.49), and hyperuricemia (1.22, 1.13-1.30) and inversely with hypertension recovery (0.84, 0.76-0.92). Dimension 2 showed positive association with hypertension progression (1.27, 1.03-1.58) and inverse association with high LDL-C recovery (0.48, 0.23-0.96). DDRTree-derived dimensions showed no clear predictive advantage over BMI or body composition metrics in most analyses, suggesting the DDRTree manifold should be used for exploratory visualisation rather than clinical prediction.
conclusionsPhenotypic manifold mapping of childhood obesity identifies body composition subtypes with divergent short-term cardiometabolic risk trajectories.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.