Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42289636›Full record

ArticleAnnals of surgical oncology2026

Predominance of Peritoneal Metastasis in the Recurrence Pattern of T4 Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Jin Gi Chang, In Ja Park, Young Il Kim, Jong Lyul Lee, Yong Sik Yoon, Chan Wook Kim, Seok-Byung Lim

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Article in Annals of surgical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jin Gi ChangDivision of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
In Ja ParkDivision of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ipark@amc.seoul.kr.
Young Il KimDivision of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Jong Lyul LeeDivision of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Yong Sik YoonDivision of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Chan Wook KimDivision of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Seok-Byung LimDivision of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposePeritoneal metastasis (PM) following curative resection for colorectal cancer (CRC) remains difficult to detect and is associated with limited therapeutic options. This study aimed to assess recurrence patterns of PM after curative CRC surgery and to identify associated risk factors.

methodsA retrospective cohort study included 4695 patients with pathologically confirmed T3 or T4 CRC who underwent curative resection at a tertiary center from January 2012 to December 2020. Recurrence site distribution, cumulative incidence of recurrence, cumulative incidence of peritoneal metastasis (CIPM), and risk factors for PM were analyzed by T stage.

resultsOf 4,695 patients, 749 had T4 CRC, with a higher recurrence rate than T3 cases (30.6% vs. 11.9%). In T4 CRC, PM was the most common recurrence site (10.9%), surpassing lung (9.6%) and liver (7.1%) metastases. Peritoneal metastasis rates were highest in right-sided T4 colon cancers (15.7%). The 5-year CIPM was significantly higher in T4 than in T3 (11.5% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001). Stratified analysis showed a higher cumulative incidence of PM in T4N0 disease compared with T3N+ disease (7.4% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.001). Independent risk factors for PM included T4 stage (hazard ratio 4.47; 95% confidence interval 3.15-6.35), nodal positivity (hazard ratio 2.41; 95% confidence interval 1.60-3.63), advanced age, preoperative obstruction, right-sided cancer, signet ring cell carcinoma, and perineural invasion.

conclusionsPathologic T4 CRC exhibits a distinct recurrence pattern characterized by a predominance of peritoneal metastasis. These findings may inform future surveillance protocols and treatment planning.

Indexed as

Colorectal NeoplasmsNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalPeritoneal NeoplasmsAgedColorectal Surgical ProceduresFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm StagingPrognosisRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSurvival RateColorectal NeoplasmsColorectal SurgeryIncidenceNeoplasm MetastasisNeoplasm StagingPeritoneal NeoplasmsRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID42289636

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.