ArticleEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2026
Prognostic significance of the extent of extranodal extension in patients with pN1b papillary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThe literature has revealed considerable discrepancies in the nodal extension (ENE) definition and risk stratification. This study aimed to assess the extent of ENE in patients with lateral cervical lymph node metastases (pN1b) and evaluate its relationship with survival outcomes.
methodsA retrospective cohort analysis was conducted involving patients with pN1b PTC who underwent initial surgery between January 2000 and December 2018. Disease-specific survival (DSS) was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and compared using the log-rank test. The association between the extent of ENE and DSS was examined using Cox proportional hazards regression models.
resultsThe study included 3,382 patients. Microscopic ENE (miENE) was identified in 808 patients (23.9%). Macroscopic ENE (maENE) was divided into maENEa (499 patients, 14.8%) and maENEb (84 patients, 2.5%). The overall 5-year DSS rate was 98.9%. Stratification by ENE extent revealed 5-year DSS rates of 99.8% for no ENE, 99.5% for miENE, 97.5% for maENEa, and 82.2% for maENEb, indicating significant differences (p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis for DSS revealed significant associations with ENE extent, showing adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 3.49 (95% CI 1.28-9.51; P = 0.015) for the miENE group, 4.54 (95% CI 1.73-11.88; P = 0.002) for the maENEa group, and 20.54 (95% CI 7.95-53.10; p < 0.001) for the maENEb group, compared to the no-ENE group.
conclusionThe prognostic significance of ENE in PTC is highly variable and contingent on its extent. We propose stratification of maENE into maENEa and maENEb, with distinct DSS outcomes.
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