ArticleScientific reports2026
Effects of some surface active ionic liquids on the aqueous solubility, thermodynamic properties and fluorescence behavior of drug diclofenac sodium.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bio-based surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) hold considerable promise for pharmaceutical applications, particularly in enhancing the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as diclofenac sodium (DFS), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent classified as BCS Class II. Three distinct (2-hydroxyethyl) amine-based surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) were synthesized. Subsequently, the interactions between DFS and these synthesized SAILs were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy at a temperature of 298.15 K. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed a strong interaction between DFS and SAILs. This was evident from the significant quenching of DFS's intrinsic fluorescence upon SAIL addition. The association constant and binding sites were determined. Among the tested SAILs, the [2-HEA][Ole] exhibited the strongest interaction with DFS. Furthermore, the solubility of DFS in aqueous SAILs solutions studied at temperature range of (298.15 to 313.15) K was found to increase with increasing SAIL concentration. The solubility data were accurately fitted using the e-NRTL and Wilson models. To gain deeper insights, conductor-like screening model (COSMO) calculations were performed on the studied chemicals. The obtained surface cavity volume (V) and dielectric solvation energy from the COSMO calculations provided valuable information about the intermolecular interactions. Finally, thermodynamic analysis using Gibbs and van't Hoff equations indicated that the dissolution of DFS in these systems is an endothermic process.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.