ArticleScientific reports2026
Variable selection for estimating optimal treatment regimes with multiple treatments.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
We propose a penalized classification method for estimating optimal treatment regimes (OTRs) with multiple treatments when the number of covariates is large. Our approach reformulates the OTR estimation problem as a weighted multiclass classification problem and integrates variable selection with doubly robust estimation into a unified framework that simultaneously performs variable selection and regime estimation. By employing a data expansion technique and incorporating [Formula: see text]-type penalization along with augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW) estimators, the method effectively identifies the sparse subset of covariates that genuinely drive treatment effect heterogeneity. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in terms of accuracy and double robustness for estimating the optimal treatment regimes. The method's practical utility is further illustrated through an application to a clinical trial for chronic depression.
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