ReviewForensic toxicology2026
Reinventing quaaludes: a comprehensive review of designer methaqualone analogs.
Review in Forensic toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe continuous emergence of NPS has posed a persistent challenge to forensic toxicology for more than a decade. Each year, previously unrecognized compounds appear on the illicit drug market, complicating analytical identification and increasing the risk of severe intoxications. The purpose of this study was to identify designer methaqualone analogs emerging in recent years and summarize available toxicological data in a comprehensive narrative mini review.
methodsOnline databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and early warning systems were systematically searched for reports on newly emerging designer methaqualone analogs. In addition, online forums were reviewed to collect information from recreational drug-users on psychoactive effects, effective doses, and routes of administration.
resultsThe review summarizes metabolism of designer analogs and all reported intoxication cases, including concentrations found. Analytical aspects relevant to forensic practice are highlighted i.a. mass spectrometric characteristics (GC-EI-MS and LC-MS/MS with QqQ and QTOF instruments), differentiation of isomers, and stability in biological fluids and DBS cards over 365 days. Five newly emerging compounds, mephenoqualone, PPQ, PPTQ, Cl-PPQ, and MCPPQ, were identified on the illicit market. These substances have 100-fold higher potency than methaqualone and were described on online forums in late 2025.
conclusionsNewly developed analogs are readily available online and represent serious and underrecognized threat due to their high potency and very low effective doses. Continued development of early warning systems and analytical methodologies is essential. Forensic toxicologists worldwide should be aware that these compounds may soon be encountered in seized materials and biological samples from intoxication cases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.