Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42287678›Full record

ArticleAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2026

Uncovering Aggregation-Induced Emission in Carbon Dots for Color-Changing Hydrogels and Information Encryption.

Jiafeng Wan, Shiyi Chen, Haopu Su, Tim Muschik, Tongtong Cui, Yosuke Akae, Dominik Voll, Christian W Schmitt, Stefan Bräse, Tao Chen and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jiafeng WanInstitute For Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0962-7811
Shiyi ChenInstitute For Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
Haopu SuInstitute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
Tim MuschikInstitute For Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
Tongtong CuiInstitute For Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
Yosuke AkaeInstitute For Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3015-7450
Dominik VollInstitute For Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8955-2765
Christian W SchmittSoft Matter Synthesis Laboratory - Institute For Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
Stefan BräseInstitute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
Tao ChenState Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Extreme-environmental Material Surfaces and Interfaces, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9704-9545
Andreas-Neil UnterreinerInstitute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1225-5460
Patrick ThéatoInstitute For Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4562-9254

Funding

China Scholarship Council 202308420039Helmholtz Association 43.32.01&43.33.11Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since the discovery of carbon dots (CDs), the typical precursor combination of citric acid (CA)-urea has been widely used in the scientific community to explore the formation mechanism and luminescence behavior of CDs. However, there have only been a few reports on the synthesis of CDs featuring aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. In this study, CA and urea were used to synthesize hydrophilic red-emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) that exhibit blue fluorescence in water (dispersed state) and red fluorescence in DMF (aggregated state). The study reveals that the photoluminescence of R-CDs is governed by π-π stacking interactions between solute molecules as well as solvent effects between solute and solvent molecules, leading to solvent-responsive emission behavior. By tuning the solvent polarity, the intermolecular distance between R-CDs can be adjusted, thereby influencing their photoluminescent properties. Taking advantage of the solvent-responsive color change, anticounterfeiting printing and information encryption applications were designed. Moreover, by combining R-CDs with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), hydrogel-based fluorescent information-encoding materials were successfully fabricated.

Indexed as

aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)anticounterfeiting printingcarbon dotsfluorescent hydrogelsinformation encoding

Identifiers

PMID42287678
PMCPMC13528517

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.