ReviewClinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico2026
Advances and challenges in glioblastoma immunotherapy: a meta-analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Review in Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
introductionGlioblastoma (GBM) remains the most aggressive primary brain tumor, with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising results in solid tumors, but their role in GBM remains uncertain.
methodsA PRISMA-based systematic review and meta-analysis including studies evaluating checkpoint inhibitors in newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM. Random-effects models calculated pooled hazard ratios for OS and PFS.
resultsEleven studies were included, six (n = 2,019) incorporated into pooled survival analyses. No significant OS benefit was observed (HR = 1.12; 95% CI: 0.97-1.29; I
conclusionCheckpoint inhibitors did not significantly improve OS or PFS in GBM patients and were associated with substantial toxicity and inter-study heterogeneity.
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Registered trials
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