Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42286962›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council2026

Relationships Among Maternal Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies, COVID-19, and Stress in Mothers up to 1-Year Postpartum.

Emma Anastasi, Delaney J Glass, Tiffany D Pan, Eleanor Brindle, Beatrice Caffe, Caroline B Smith, Amanda E Kunkle, Maia A Kent, Alexandra D Navarrete, Christina D W Pace and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Relationships Among Maternal Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies, COVID-19, and Stress in Mothers up to 1-Year Postpartum.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Emma AnastasiDepartment of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2979-8978
Delaney J GlassDepartment of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Tiffany D PanCenter for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Eleanor BrindleCenter for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Beatrice CaffeDepartment of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
Caroline B SmithDepartment of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
Amanda E KunkleDepartment of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Maia A KentDepartment of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Alexandra D NavarreteElson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA.
Christina D W PaceMargaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.
Dan T A EisenbergDepartment of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0812-1862
Ryan M PaceMargaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-2603
Janet E WilliamsDepartment of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho Moscow, Moscow, Idaho, USA.
Sylvia H LeyDepartment of Epidemiology, Tulane University Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Celestina Barbosa-LeikerCollege of Nursing, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, Washington, USA.
Mark A McGuireDepartment of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho Moscow, Moscow, Idaho, USA.
Michelle K McGuireMargaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.
Courtney L MeehanDepartment of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2034-652X
Melanie A MartinDepartment of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-2791

Funding

Research Project - RPL LaneP20GM152304 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO · PI Ginny Lane · 2024 to 2026
$8.9M
Scientific/Technical CoreP2CHD042828 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI SARA R. CURRAN · 2017 to 2026
$6.3M
Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of WashingtonDepartment of Anthropology, University of Washington, Health Equity Research Center, Washington State UniversityGates Foundation INV-016943Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station (Hatch project) IDA01643National Science Foundation IOS-BIO 2031715National Science Foundation IOS-BIO 2031753National Science Foundation IOS-BIO 2031761National Science Foundation IOS-BIO 2031888NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD042828NIGMS NIH HHS P20GM152304
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesBoth psychosocial stress and current infection can increase the likelihood of reactivation of latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Pregnancy and infection with SARS-CoV-2 can be stressful and modulate immune function. However, it is unknown how SARS-CoV-2 infection and stress further interact among postpartum women to affect EBV antigen and antibody expression.

methodsWe examined associations among COVID-19 diagnosis, self-reported stress, and EBV immunoglobulin G (IgG) in previously collected data from 45 breastfeeding US women (1-18 months postpartum) during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Between June 2020 and March 2021, stress survey data and capillary dried blood HemaSpot samples were collected from 25 SARS-CoV-2 infected and 20 non-infected participants at multiple time points over the course of 60 days. Samples (N = 104) were later assayed for EBV IgG. Statistical methods were pre-registered, and relationships among SARS-CoV-2 infection, stress, and EBV IgG were analyzed via mixed-effects regression models, adjusting for time postpartum and time elapsed since enrollment.

resultsThere was a statistically significant association between self-reported stress and EBV IgG levels, with higher average stress associated with higher average EBV IgG. EBV IgG relative concentration did not vary independently with COVID-19 positivity status or the number of COVID-19 symptoms.

conclusionsResults suggest that EBV IgG relative concentrations were elevated across sample participants by stress, but not by the relatively mild cases of COVID-19 the mothers experienced.

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralCOVID-19Epstein-Barr Virus InfectionsHerpesvirus 4, HumanMothersStress, PsychologicalAdultFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GPostpartum PeriodSARS-CoV-2Young AdultAntibodies, ViralImmunoglobulin GCOVID‐19Epstein–Barr virusimmunomodulationinfant carematernal infectionPSS‐10stress

Identifiers

PMID42286962
PMCPMC13263636

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.