Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42286784›Full record

ArticleAnimal microbiome2026

Metagenomic analysis reveals resistome characteristics and high-risk resistance genes in the pig nasal cavities, feces, and farm dust.

Yangfan Yu, Hai Wu, Honghu Ji, Yuhan Hu, Yihuan Fang, Yuntian Lin, Yong Zhang, Yunyan Zhou

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Animal microbiome, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yangfan Yu *College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
Hai Wu *College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
Honghu Ji *Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua, 321017, China.
Yuhan HuCollege of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
Yihuan FangCollege of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
Yuntian LinCollege of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
Yong ZhangCollege of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
Yunyan ZhouCollege of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China. zyy@zjut.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 32402702Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province LMS25C170002Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST 2024-2026QNRC001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a threat to global public health. Swine farms are critical AMR reservoirs. Comprehensive resistome profiling and risk assessment across pig-associated niches remain limited. Metagenomic analysis of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pig nasal cavities, feces, and farm dust was performed.

resultsNasal and dust samples exhibited significantly increased ARG diversity and abundance compared with feces. We identified 78 potentially hazardous ARGs and proposed an improved risk classification framework integrating host promiscuity, mobility, and human health risks. These ARGs were classified into four risk levels: 25 Level I (current high risk), 25 Level II (potential future threats), 18 Level III (host-promiscuous but nonmobile), and 10 Level IV (host-specific). High-risk ARGs mainly confer aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS), and tetracycline resistance. Metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) analysis revealed that bacterial taxa enriched in ARGs were predominant in nasal and dust samples. Moreover, these environments presented higher mobile genetic element (MGE) abundance and similar ARG-MGE co-occurrence patterns. Notably, 74.12% of the mobile ARGs were predicted to be plasmid-borne, and these ARGs tended to be assigned higher health risk levels than chromosomal ARGs.

conclusionsThese findings provide a practical framework for ARG risk assessment and highlight the nasal cavity and dust as underappreciated but important AMR reservoirs in pig farms.

Indexed as

Antibiotic resistance genesMetagenomeMobile genetic elementsPigRisk assessment

Identifiers

PMID42286784
PMCPMC13487949

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.