ArticleBMC veterinary research2026
Intranasal sedation with diazepam-butorphanol in yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis): a preliminary clinical evaluation.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundYellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) are frequently presented to wildlife clinics, often requiring safe and effective sedation and analgesia for diagnostic procedures. Minimising stress and restraint during handling are critical for both animal welfare and staff safety. To address this need, this study evaluates the first intranasal protocol in gulls, aiming to facilitate routine examination and diagnostic imaging without physical restraint. A total of 16 gulls were included in this prospective, preliminary clinical evaluation. A combination of diazepam (8 mg/kg) and butorphanol (1 mg/kg) was administered intranasally in equal volumes into both nares. Physiological parameters were monitored, and reflexes were assessed to determine sedation depth. Radiographic imaging was performed during deep sedation. Sedation and recovery times were recorded.
resultsAdequate sedation was achieved in all individuals. Deep sedation, occurred at a median of 10.50 (8.18-15.88) minutes in immature and 13.03 (7.32-16.58) minutes in adults (p = 0.798). Recovery and perching were observed at a median 110.50 (83.00-128.00) minutes and 109.00 (88.00-139.00) minutes, respectively (p = 0.798). Radiographic evaluations were completed without restraint or radiation exposure to staff, yielding diagnostic-quality images. Significant differences in physiological parameters were noted between restraint and sedation periods.
conclusionsThis protocol was effective and well-tolerated in yellow-legged gulls. It offers a practical, stress-reducing, and analgesic alternative to physical restraint for routine diagnostic procedures, significantly improving both animal welfare and clinical safety in wildlife practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.