ArticleBMC genomics2026
Transcriptomic changes in embryonic blood of subsequent generations following in ovo stimulation with nutriepigenetic factors.
Article in BMC genomics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundEpigenetic modifications regulate gene expression and are influenced by environmental factors, shaping phenotypic and clinical outcomes. These changes have the potential to persist across generations, although their stability may vary between tissues. This study aims to observe, using an in ovo model, the effects of single (F1) and repeated (F1-F3) prenatal stimulation with potential epigenetic factors on the transcriptome of embryonic blood in subsequent generations.
methodUsing an in ovo model across three generations of Green-legged Partridgelike chickens (with additional F4 assessment), synbiotic PoultryStar
resultsTranscriptomic changes in F3 embryonic blood were found in treatment groups vs. control after single (F1) and repeated (F1-F3) in ovo administration of synbiotic alone and synbiotic combined with choline. Gene expression differences detected in F3 embryonic blood in a single ancestral in ovo exposure lineages largely diminished in F4, suggesting that effects of these treatments may attenuate with generational distance. Repeated injections in SYNr and SYNCHr groups did not produce cumulative effects in F3 and F4 generations. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the most affected functional categories involved metabolism, detoxification, cytoskeletal organization, and protein regulation.
conclusionsThese findings highlight that targeted prenatal interventions can induce transcriptomic modifications, which may be detectable in the subsequent generations (F3), though their persistence through the further generations may be limited. Embryonic blood may reflect a potential epigenetic footprint rather than a stably inherited signal. The tissue-specific and time-sensitive nature of the transcriptomic effects confirms the importance of analysis across different tissues, and across generations.
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